Understanding Primary Progressive Aphasia
A Different Form of Dementia
Understanding the different forms of dementia is important for caregivers and families. Each type can present with different symptoms, progress differently, and respond to different treatment approaches. Knowing what type of dementia a loved one has can help guide care decisions, set realistic expectations, and ensure the most appropriate support is in place.
One form of dementia that has received more attention in recent years is Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) —> PPA is a type of Frontotemporal dementia and differs in significant ways from Alzheimer's disease.
How Is Primary Progressive Aphasia Different?
Unlike Alzheimer’s disease, which typically begins with memory loss, Primary Progressive Aphasia primarily affects language abilities.
The term aphasia means difficulty with language. What does this look like?
This may include: Trouble finding the right words, difficulty forming sentences, problems understanding spoken language or noticeable challenges with reading and writing.
PPA is characterized by a gradual loss of the ability to speak, read, write, and understand others. It is caused by an underlying neurodegenerative disease process that affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain — these are the areas responsible for language and communication.
Who Is Affected?
Symptoms of Primary Progressive Aphasia often appear earlier than other types of dementia. Many individuals begin showing signs in their 50s or early 60s.
In the early stages, memory is often relatively preserved, which can be confusing for families who typically associate dementia with memory loss. Over time, however, other thinking skills including memory and executive functioning can decline.
Because symptoms look different from Alzheimer’s disease, PPA is sometimes misidentified or misunderstood in the beginning stages.
Is There Treatment?
Currently, there is no cure for Primary Progressive Aphasia. However, support and intervention can make a meaningful difference.
Treatment may include:
Working with a speech-language pathologist to develop compensatory communication strategies
Occupational therapy to support daily functioning
Communication tools and techniques to maintain connection and independence as long as possible
Early intervention can help individuals preserve communication skills longer and adapt to changes more effectively.
Patience, creativity, and compassion go a long way. Simple strategies such as allowing extra time to respond, using visual cues, and maintaining eye contact can help reduce frustration for both caregivers and loved ones.
A Message for Caregivers
Caring for someone with Primary Progressive Aphasia can present unique emotional challenges. Watching a loved one struggle to communicate can be heartbreaking. It is important to remember that although language may decline, the person’s emotions, awareness, and need for connection often remain.
If you suspect changes in language abilities in someone you care about, consult a healthcare professional for evaluation. Early diagnosis can open the door sooner to supportive therapies and planning.
Understanding the specific type of dementia empowers families to provide informed, compassionate care and reminds us that while symptoms may differ, dignity and respect remain constant.
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) is a helpful tool to use when speaking to you doctor.
Susan is a Board-Certified Occupational Therapist and a Certified Dementia Practitioner who offers dementia consulting services for caregivers and families. With over 20 years of experience, Susan provides compassionate, evidence-based guidance to help caregivers understand the progression of dementia, manage challenges, and enhance quality of life for their loved ones.
To schedule a session or request more information, please email: SusanRaychardLLC@gmail.com
Susan Raychard, MOTR/L, CDP
